Volume 1 - 2018 - issue 1
1. The genus Pseudodidymosphaeria
Authors: Thambugala KM, Peršoh D, Perera RH, Hyde KD
Recieved: 09 March 2018, Accepted: 06 June 2018, Published: 22 June 2018
The genus Pseudodidymosphaeria is revisited with an overview of its history, a generic description with amendments and notes and illustrations of the genus. Molecular data from two species of the genus are analyzed using single and combined ITS and LSU gene datasets and the workflow of phylogenetic analysis is provided in an appendix. The genus Pseudodidymosphaeria formed a well-supported clade in the family Massarinaceae.
Keywords: ARB – ITS – LSU – Massarinaceae – Poaceae
2. Ceriporia lacerata (Phanerochaetaceae, Basidiomycota): A new record from Pakistan
Authors: Wahab A, Ryvarden L, Pfister DH, Sirajuddin, Khalid AN
Recieved: 11 April 2018, Accepted: 06 June 2018, Published: 22 June 2018
A Ceriporia species was collected during a field survey in Malakand district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular data from internal transcribed spacer rDNA, the species was identified as Ceriporia lacerata. A literature review confirms this to be the first record of the species from Pakistan.
Keywords: basidiomycetes – polypore – taxonomy – molecular data
3. Small can be beautiful: Ecological trade-offs related to basidiospore size
Authors: Halbwachs H, Karasch P, Simmel J
Recieved: 23 April 2018, Accepted: 22 July 2018, Published: 11 July 2018
Investments of Agaricomycetes in morphological reproductive traits are constrained by a limited energy budget, as in any other fungal group. Such investments relate to fruit body size and number, and to spore size, the latter which is correlated with nutrient reserves. These ecological trade-offs are indicators of fungal lifestyles, for example ruderal vs competitive strategies. To shed some light on morphological trade-offs, we looked into pertinent correlations by comparing datasets about relative fruit body dry weights with fruit body and spore size, and fruit body number with fruit body size. In addition, we demonstrated how spore size translates to investments into nutrient reserves. We could confirm results from earlier studies which showed a positive correlation between fruit body and spore size, as well as a negative correlation between fruit body number and size. Finally, we found weak, but highly significant trade-offs between dry matter content of trama and total spore volume per hymenal area unit. In conclusion, we pointed to the fact that only considering reproductive morphological trade-offs would fall short of the complex morphological and physiological interrelationships in fungal individuals (genets). The need for further studies to gain a more comprehensive picture of input-output trade-offs would be the logical consequence.
Keywords: energy budget – fruit body size and number – metabolic competence – secondary metabolites – spore size and nutrient reserves
4. A taxonomic guide to the species of Didymium (Didymiaceae, Physarales, Myxomycetes) I. The stipitate species
Authors: Clark J, Haskins EF
Recieved: 05 March 2018, Accepted: 06 June 2018, Published: 11 July 2018
This guide is an attempt to consolidate all information pertinent to the taxonomy of the genus Didymium, including uniform species descriptions and a key for all of the species, and to make this information available to interested persons in an open access journal. Didymium is a genus, in which over eighty species have been described, that is defined by the presence of crystalline lime granules occurring on the peridium but not in the capillitium, The number of different species and the morphological variability within many of them has produced a situation where it is sometimes difficult to identify a particular specimen. Thus, this article is an attempt to provide guidance in the identification of these species.
Keywords: clonal lines – species complexes – sporangium – sporocarp – stalk types
5. Lecanicillium uredinophilum known from rusts, also occurs on animal hosts with chitinous bodies
Authors: Wei DP, Wanasinghe DN, Chaiwat TA, Hyde KD
Recieved: 06 April 2018, Accepted: 22 June 2018, Published: 17 September 2018
Two isolates of Lecanicillium uredinophilum were obtained from an infected insect collected in Yunnan Province, China. L. uredinophilum was initially discovered on a rust fungus in Korea. The identity was supported by combined analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2), large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) of the ribosomal RNA gene and protein loci of elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1-α), RNA polymerase II largest subunits (RPB1 and RPB2). This is the first report of L. uredinophilum in China and from an insect host. This species and perhaps other Lecanicillium species are likely to infect various hosts with chitinous bodies. A description of L. uredinophilum from China is accompanied by illustrations of macro- and micromorphological characters, and a discussion of related taxa is provided.
Keywords: China – Cordycipitaceae – verticillium-like – entomogenous – phylogeny – taxonomy
6. Characterization of Botrytis cinerea causing grape bunch rot in Chinese vineyards
Authors: Jayawardena RS, Zhang W, Li XH, Liu M, Hao YY, Zhao WS, Hyde KD, Liu JH, Yan JY
Recieved: 14 August 2018, Accepted: 02 October 2018, Published: 16 October 2018
Botrytis is an important plant pathogenic genus causing bunch rot of grape berries and other hosts worldwide. A survey of vineyards in 14 provinces of China was carried out to identify the causal agent of Botrytis bunch rot. A phylogenetic analysis based on a combination of RPB2, HSP60, G3PDH and Nep1, Nep2 loci, coupled with morphology, showed that Botrytis cinerea is the main causal agent of grape bunch rot disease in China. Pathogenicity tests showed that wounded grape berries are more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea infection than non-wounded berries. This paper contributes to the fact that Nep1 and Nep2 gene regions provide a higher resolution in distinguishing species of Botrytis.
Keywords: Gray mold – Grapevine – Nep1 – Nep2 – Pathogen
7. Checklist of microfungi on grasses in Thailand (excluding bambusicolous fungi)
Authors: Goonasekara ID, Jayawardene RS, Saichana N, Hyde KD
Recieved: 12 October 2018, Accepted: 27 November 2018, Published: 11 December 2018
An updated checklist of microfungi, excluding bambusicolous fungi, recorded on grasses from Thailand is provided. The host plant(s) from which the fungi were recorded in Thailand is given. Those species for which molecular data is available is indicated. In total, 172 species and 35 unidentified taxa have been recorded. They belong to the main taxonomic groups Ascomycota: 98 species and 28 unidentified, in 15 orders, 37 families and 68 genera; Basidiomycota: 73 species and 7 unidentified, in 8 orders, 8 families and 18 genera; and Chytridiomycota: one identified species in Physodermatales, Physodermataceae.
Keywords: Ascomycota – Basidiomycota – Chytridiomycota – Poaceae – molecular data
8. Seed decaying Dothideomycetes in Thailand: Zeloasperisporium pterocarpi sp. nov., (Zeloasperisporiaceae, Zeloasperisporiales) on carpel of Pterocarpus sp. (Fabaceae) seed pod
Authors: Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Jianchu Xu, Karunarathna SC
Recieved: 18 October 2018, Accepted: 28 November 2018, Published: 11 December 2018
In this study we introduce a new species, Zeloasperisporium pterocarpi, (Zeloasperisporiaceae) based on its morphology and LSU and SSU gene sequence data. The new species is similar to other known Zeloasperisporium spp. but differs from its close relative Z. siamemse in having a mycelium and granular spores. Multigene phylogenetic analysis also confirmed its novelty. We also provide ITS, rpb2 and tef1 sequence data for Zeloasperisporium pterocarpi, which are deposited in GenBank.
Keywords: 1 new species – granular – multigene phylogeny – mycelium – phylogenetic analysis
9. Some ecological implications of Agaricomycete phenology
Authors: Halbwachs H
Recieved: 08 November 2018, Accepted: 06 December 2018, Published: 11 December 2018
Macrofungi, and specifically Agaricomycetes, are important drivers for nutrient partitioning and cyling in terrestrial ecosystems and other ecosystem processes. Fruiting patterns of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal taxa bear implications for the maintenance of fungal assemblages that interact with their environment. While fruiting patterns have been investigated in a few cases, biome-wide studies across a comprehensive number of Agaricomycete species with a special focus on their temporal ecology, are lacking. Based on a of more than 2000 ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic Agaricomycetes, the phenologies of both guilds have been investigated. The phenologies of either guilds coincide to a large extent. Surprisingly, the course of fruiting is bimodal, i.e. showing minima in spring, July and autumn. Possible explanations, in particular avoidance of fungivores and of evading activities of competing microorganisms are discussed.
Keywords: mushrooms – fruiting – longevity – dispersal – invertebrates – fungivores – vectors – life history strategy – competition – trade-off
10. Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) – bioactive compounds, beneficial properties and two new records from Laos
Authors: Hapuarachchi KK, Karunarathna SC, Phengsintham P, Kakumyan P, Hyde KD, Wen TC
Recieved: 02 December 2018, Accepted: 07 December 2018, Published: 17 December 2018
Species of Ganodermataceae have been widely used as traditional medicines in Asia over many centuries. Ganoderma and Amauroderma are widely researched, owing to their beneficial medicinal properties. We surveyed species of Amauroderma in the Greater Mekong Subregion countries; China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. In this paper, we introduce two new records of Amauroderma from Laos; Amauroderma pressuii based on morphology and A. rugosum based on both morphology and molecular phylogenetic evidence. The collected species are described with coloured photographs and illustrations and compared with similar taxa. We also provide a phylogeny for Amauroderma based on ITS and LSU sequence data and the taxonomic status of the species is briefly discussed. In addition, we reviewed the bioactive compounds and beneficial properties of Amauroderma.
Keywords: Medicinal properties – Morphology – Phylogeny – Two new records
11. Ticodendron incognitum and Neea pittieri associated ectomycorrhizal fungi in Neotropical mountain forest
Authors: Põlme S
Recieved: 08 November 2018, Accepted: 14 December 2018, Published: 18 December 2018
Mycorrhizal associations have crucial importance in the ecology of the majority of terrestrial plants. However, information about mycorrhizal associations of multiple exotic plant taxa remains scant. In order to verify the recently described Ticodenrum incognitum (Ticodendraceae) ectomycorrhizal status I performed root sampling of 15 individuals in Alberto Manuel Brenes Nature Reserve, Costa Rica. For a better description of the local ectomycorrhizal species pool and for estimating potential host preference I sampled adjacent Neea pittieri individuals for putative ectomycorrhizal status. Results confirmed that Ticodenrum incognitum forms ectomycorrhiza with tomentella-thelephora and boletus lineages. In spite of overall scarce ectomycorrhizal associations, comparison of ectomycorrhizal communities of adjacent host species showed clear host preferences.
Keywords: ectomycorrhizal – host abundance theory – host preference – Ticodendraceae
12. Ecology of Ascomycete genera – A searchable compilation of “Notes on genera: Ascomycota”
Authors: Guerreiro MA, Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Peršoh D
Recieved: 18 December 2018, Accepted: 27 December 2018, Published: 29 December 2018
DNA-metabarcoding of the fungal communities in environmental samples has greatly enhanced our knowledge of fungal diversity. However, linking taxonomic information to fungal traits is often challenging because of the immense species diversity encountered in most samples. This complicates inferring functional roles in ecosystem processes from biodiversity patterns. We have therefore made ecological traits of Ascomycete genera, compiled in a previous study, digitally accessible and searchable.
Keywords: Fungal traits – High-throughput – Life modes
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Announcements
"Another Milestone Achievement: "Asian Journal of Mycology" Granted Scopus Inclusion"
